Dog allergies – just like allergies in humans – occur when the immune system overreacts to a perceived threat from an outside source. Although increasingly common, it can be difficult to diagnose and treat. Dog allergies are an increasingly common issue but can be difficult to diagnose as they can manifest in a variety of ways, ranging from mild to more severe symptoms.
As a dog owner there are a few key types of dog allergies you should know about;
- Allergies caused by fleas and parasites
- Contact allergies
- Environmental allergies
Allergies Caused by Fleas and Parasites
Almost every dog will get fleas, ticks, mites, or other parasites at some point in their life. Usually, these parasites are easily removed, and the dog will not have an adverse reaction. However, some pets will develop allergies, mainly relating to biting parasites. It is typically the parasite’s saliva that causes the allergic reaction in dogs. Flea bite hypersensitivity in dogs will cause extreme itching and discomfort to your pet, this is known as flea bite dermatitis or pruritus. Symptoms and signs include:
- excessive scratching
- excessive licking
- hair loss (especially around the rump and hind legs)
- formation of scabs or lesions on the skin.
- Symptoms are episodic and tend to worsen in the summer months, as well as when the pet ages.
Diagnosis of a parasite or flea allergy is relatively straightforward, as you or your veterinarian will be able to identify the parasites on the dog’s skin. Treating the allergic reaction usually involves removing the parasite, either with a topical medicine or by grooming. This should stop the reaction. For excessive itching, vets may prescribe steroids (corticosteroids), antihistamines, or antibiotics for a secondary infection.
Contact Allergies
A contact allergy is caused by the dog’s skin coming into contact with a specific substance or material, such as shampoo, flea treatments, or wool bedding. This type of allergy is usually manifested on the dog’s skin in the form of itching and dermatitis. The allergic reaction will be localized to the area that came into contact with the allergen. Contact allergies are the least common form of dog allergies, but can still be very uncomfortable for your pet.
Environmental Allergies
An environmental allergy, seasonal allergy, or inhalant allergy is caused by allergens in the air that your pet breathes in. This is also known as atopy. Allergies of this kind are often seasonal, relating to specific plants that only grow at certain times of the year. However, environmental allergies in dogs can occur year-round too, in response to allergens such as grass, mould, and mildew.
Treatment and Management
Dog allergies, in general, are usually not treatable in themselves, but the symptoms can be controlled. There are a number of different treatments for the symptoms of allergies and your course of treatment will depend. on a number of factors. If you think your dog might be suffering from any allergies it is best to book in an appointment with your local veterinarian to discuss a diagnosis and treatment options.