Visiting the vet is an import aspect of caring for your dog, however, it can often be a source of stress for both you and your 4-legged mate. To help make it a more pleasurable experience for all involved we have compiled some of our best tips to ensure a stress-free and productive trip.

Give them personal space: It is essential to maintain a safe distance while at the clinic, not only for humans but also for animals. This helps prevent any potential confrontations that may trigger anxiety in pets or their owners.

Allow for a pre-visit break: Prior to the vet appointment, take your dog for a leisurely walk, allowing them to explore and relieve themselves.

Bring familiar scents from home: Providing your pet with familiar toys, blankets, or bedding can serve as a comforting reminder of their safe and secure environment. These items evoke positive emotions, promoting a sense of ease during the visit.

Promote positivity: During the visit, offer your pet positive reassurances through belly rubs, gentle pats, and words of praise. These gestures convey the message that the vet clinic is a welcoming and pleasant place. While treats can be helpful, it is advisable not to overindulge, as your vet may need to use treats for medical purposes.

Introduce casual visits: Especially for dogs, acclimate them to the vet clinic environment by occasionally dropping in for brief visits. This allows them to become familiar with the clinic’s scents, navigate the waiting room, and receive affection and treats from the friendly staff.

Maintain a calm demeanour: Refrain from engaging in intense play sessions or vigorous physical activities with your dog immediately before the visit. Elevated heart rate, tense muscles, and excessive excitement are counterproductive during a health assessment.

Simulate examinations at home: Take the opportunity to simulate a vet or nurse’s examination when your pet is relaxed and content. Gradually introduce interactions such as touching their paws, lifting their lips, examining their ears and eyes, and giving them an all-over pat-down. This practice familiarizes them with these procedures, reducing reactivity and enabling them to remain calm during the actual veterinary examination. Reward them afterward to reinforce positive behaviour.

Communicate vital information: Inform your vet team about any specific concerns, sensitivities, or recent experiences that may impact your pet’s behaviour during the visit. Even if they have prior knowledge of your pet, it is crucial to provide any new information for a comprehensive understanding.

Being well-prepared for your pet’s veterinary visits is paramount. In particularly stressful situations, your vet team may offer additional suggestions, such as calming medications, nutraceuticals, or pheromones. Considering that a visit to the vet is ultimately beneficial for your pet’s health, it is crucial to approach the experience holistically, from the beginning to the end, ensuring that both you and your beloved companion make the most of this valuable time together.

Being equipped with basic pet first aid knowledge can make a significant difference in ensuring the well-being of your dog and may even be help save their life, in the unfortunate case of a health event or injury.

Know your dog’s vital signs

This is a good place to begin because you need to know what’s considered ‘normal’ if you’re to diagnose something as ‘abnormal.’

• Normal temperature: 38° – 39°C
• Normal heart rate: 70-160 beats/min
• Normal breathing rate: 10–30 breaths/min

To check vital signs: 

• Don’t assume your dog won’t bite (especially if they’re in pain).
• Use rectal, not oral, thermometers. Newer human digital thermometers are best.
• Check your dog’s heart rate by placing your hand over their chest, just behind their elbow.
• Measure your dog’s breathing rate by observing your dog’s sides or by holding your wet finger in front of the nose.
• Measure both rates for 15 seconds and multiply by 4 to get the rate per minute.

First Aid Treatments

Here are some common situations/conditions that require first aid, and how to perform the procedures:

Bleeding

Possible causes: Car accident, animal fight, fall, clotting problem, rat poisoning, severe wound.

What to do: Bleeding from an artery is an immediately life-threatening situation. Arterial blood is bright red, bleeds in spurts, is difficult to stop, and requires immediate veterinary attention.

• For any type of external bleeding, place a clean cloth or sterile gauze over the injured area.
• Apply direct pressure for at least 5–7 minutes to stop bleeding.
• Do not apply a tourniquet unless absolutely necessary.
• Keep your dog warm by wrapping them in a blanket and take them to a vet immediately.

Vomiting

Possible causes: Poisoning, abdominal injury, motion sickness, disease, overeating, fear, brain injury, parasites.

What to do: Examine vomit for blood or other clues as to the cause. Also, bring a sample of the vomit to your veterinarian when you take your dog for an evaluation. If your pet may have eaten something poisonous, bring a sample of the suspected poison (preferably in its original packaging) to the veterinarian.

• Do not offer any food or water until a veterinarian has been contacted.
• Abdominal pain, enlarged stomach, and dry heaves are serious signs. Call your veterinarian immediately.

Heatstroke

Possible causes: Excessive heat and/or lack of shade, heavy exertion, lack of water (Note: Animals differ in how much heat they can tolerate; even mildly warm, humid temperatures can stress some pets).

What to do: Place your dog in a cool or shaded area and immediately begin to cool them down – but do this slowly. Don’t apply ice packs to the dog. The technique you choose will depend on the size of the dog and availability of items, here are some options:

• Bathe or gently hose with cool water. Do not leave your pet unattended while soaking them in the bath.
• Soak a towel in cool water, drizzle the water over your dog, focusing on the head, stomach, under the neck, inner thighs and pads of the feet.
• Wrap the dog in a cool, wet towel.
• Monitor their rectal temperature. You can dry them when their temperature drops to 39°. Do not allow your dog to become excessively chilled (wrap them in a dry towel or blanket). Continue checking their temperature and take them to the vet for further treatment. Take them to a vet immediately if their temperature is 40°C or above.

Limping
Possible causes: Broken limb or toe, arthritis, injury to footpad, dislocation, sprain, muscle soreness or a burr between their toes.

What to do: If a fracture is suspected, gently stabilise the limb before you transport the dog to the vet. (See ‘Handling and transporting tips’ below.) Cover any wounds with a clean cloth.

Bee or wasp sting
For bee stings, apply a paste of baking soda and water. For wasp stings, apply vinegar or lemon juice. Also, apply a cold pack and follow up with calamine or antihistamine cream. In case of severe swelling or difficulty breathing, immediately take your dog to the vet.

Choking

Possible causes: Foreign object—such as a bone, food, or part of a plant—lodged in the throat, windpipe or teeth; choking could also be caused by an allergic reaction.

What to do: This is an emergency, so transport your pet to a vet immediately. On the way you could:

• Gently pull the dog’s tongue forward and inspect their mouth and throat—but be careful! You must make sure your dog doesn’t try to bite you. Stop if they are not cooperative.
• If you see a foreign object, hold the mouth open and attempt to remove it by hand, or with tweezers or small pliers.
• Take care not to push the object farther down the throat. Again, stop if the dog is not cooperative and immediately take them to a vet. If the dog is not breathing, see ‘CPR’ below.

Unconsciousness 

Possible causes: Drowning, electrocution, trauma, drug ingestion.

What to do: Take the dog to a vet as soon as possible.

• In case of drowning, remove fluid from the dog’s lungs by lifting his hindquarters high over his head and squeezing his chest firmly until fluid stops coming out.
• In case of electrical shock, DO NOT touch pet until they are no longer in contact with the electricity source.
• If an object is blocking the dog’s windpipe, it will need to be gently removed. See ‘Choking’ above. Take the dog to a vet as soon as possible.
• If the dog is not breathing and has no heartbeat, start CPR.

CPR

NOTE: It is advisable to seek assistance in transporting both yourself and your dog to the nearest veterinarian, while you carry out the CPR procedure as outlined below. In the event of any obstruction in the windpipe, you should take the following steps: gently open your dog’s mouth, carefully pull the tongue forward, extend the neck, and sweep your finger inside the mouth to clear any blockages. However, caution is necessary to ensure that your dog does not attempt to bite you.

1. Check for breathing and a heartbeat: Check to see if the dog is breathing and check for the presence of a heartbeat. If you don’t see your dog’s chest moving and can’t find a heartbeat, begin CPR with chest compressions.

2. Give chest compressions: Place your hands on your dog as follows:
   For small dogs and deep chested dogs, place the heel of one of your hands directly over the pet’s heart and place your other hand directly over the first hand.
   For deep chested dogs, place the heel of one hand over the widest part of the chest and place your other hand directly over the first hand.
   For barrel chested dogs, place the dog on their back, place one hand over the widest part of the sternum, and place your other hand directly over the first hand. Lock your elbows and make sure your shoulders are directly above your hands.
3. Then, push hard and push fast at a rate of 2 compressions per second, compressing 1/3 to 1/2 the width of your pet’s chest. Make sure the chest fully recoils before compressing again.
4. Perform 30 chest compressions.
5. Then give artificial breaths: Gently close the dog’s mouth and extend their neck to open the airway.
6. Cover your dog’s nose with your mouth and exhale until you see their chest rise.
7. Give a second artificial breath.
8. Continue CPR: Continue giving CPR with a cycle of 30 chest compressions and 2 artificial breaths until your dog begins breathing again on their own.
9. Check again for breathing and a heartbeat:
10. Briefly check for breathing and a heartbeat every 2 minutes.\
11. Monitor the dog for signs of life (consciousness, response, movement, breathing) regularly.
12. Get to a vet: Continue CPR until you reach a veterinary hospital.

Handling and transporting tips

When dealing with an injured dog, it is important to avoid hugging them or getting too close to their head. In case of necessity, you can use gauze, soft towel strips, or stockings to muzzle the dog. Keep in mind that even a normally calm dog may bite when in pain. It is not recommended to lift or drag a large injured dog. Instead, you can create an improvised stretcher using a board, throw rug, blanket, or even a child’s toboggan. Before moving the dog, try to stabilize any injuries. You can use rolled magazines or newspapers as splints. Make sure to pad the limb generously with rolled cotton and gauze, or use pillows, strips of blanket, or towels as substitutes.

Helpful items to have on hand

• Gauze pads, gauze rolls, rolled cotton, and veterinary self-adhesive elastic wrap
• Calamine lotion and petroleum jelly
• Thermometer
• Blunt-end scissors (to cut bandages or cut fur away from a wound)
• Tweezers and pliers
• Antibiotic cream and antiseptic solution
• Extra blankets, towels, and pillows
• Eyedropper
• Tube socks (for slipping over an injured paw)
• Transport aids, like crates and carryalls. A child’s plastic toboggan or flat piece of board can be used to carry a larger dog.
• Cotton swab sticks

Here are a few key points to keep in mind: First aid for a dog is primarily the initial assistance you provide before seeking more comprehensive treatment from a veterinarian. Additionally, we advise you to consider printing this valuable information and keeping it easily accessible, just in case, although we hope you will never have to use it.

Canine worms are a common health issue faced by dogs. These parasitic organisms can cause distressing symptoms and pose a significant threat to your dog’s well-being. Understanding the various types of canine worms, their transmission, prevention, and treatment is crucial for every pet owner.

Types of Canine Worms

Roundworms

• Roundworms, scientifically known as *Toxocara canis*, are one of the most prevalent intestinal parasites in dogs.
• They are long, white worms that resemble spaghetti and can grow up to several inches in length.
• Puppies are often infected by their mother or through ingestion of contaminated soil or faeces.

Hookworms

• Hookworms, including *Ancylostoma caninum* and *Uncinaria stenocephala*, are small, blood-sucking parasites that reside in a dog’s intestines,
• These worms have hook-like mouthparts that attach to the intestinal lining, causing bleeding and potential anaemia.
• Infection occurs through skin penetration or ingestion of larvae found in contaminated environments.

Whipworms

• Whipworms (*Trichuris vulpis*) are thin, whip-like worms that inhabit a dog’s large intestine.
• Dogs become infected by ingesting whipworm eggs from contaminated soil or through direct contact with infected faeces.
• Chronic whipworm infections can lead to weight loss, diarrhea, and inflammation of the intestinal wall.

Tapeworms

• Tapeworms are segmented parasites belonging to the *Dipylidium caninum* species.
• Dogs contract tapeworms by ingesting fleas or small mammals that act as intermediate hosts.
• These worms can cause discomfort in dogs, with symptoms such as itching around the anus and the presence of small, rice-like segments in the faeces.

Transmission and Prevention

• Canine worms can be transmitted through various routes, including ingestion, skin penetration, or even through the mother’s milk in the case of roundworms.
• Preventive measures include regular deworming treatments prescribed by veterinarians.
• Maintaining good hygiene, such as proper disposal of faeces and keeping the dog’s living area clean, can help reduce the risk of infection.
• Flea control is crucial in preventing tapeworm infestations, as fleas act as intermediate hosts for these parasites.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

• Symptoms of canine worm infestation can vary depending on the type of worm and the severity of the infection,
• Common signs include diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, a dull coat, and abdominal discomfort,
• Veterinarians diagnose worm infestations through a combination of physical examinations, faecal tests, and sometimes blood tests.

Treatment Options

• Treatment for canine worms typically involves administering anthelmintic medications.
• These medications target specific parasites and eliminate them from the dog’s system.
• In cases of severe infestations or complications, additional supportive care may be required.

Obesity is a growing concern in today’s society, not just for humans but also for our furry friends. Dogs, once known for their loyal and active nature, are increasingly falling victim to this epidemic. The primary causes of obesity in dogs can be attributed to poor nutrition and lack of physical activity. In this article, we will explore the detrimental effects of obesity on dogs’ health, the importance of proper nutrition, and the significance of exercise in preventing and managing obesity.

The Impact of Obesity on Dogs

Obesity can have severe consequences on a dog’s overall health and well-being. Some of the most common health issues associated with obesity in dogs include:

1. Joint problems: Excessive weight puts strain on a dog’s joints, leading to conditions such as arthritis and hip dysplasia
   Arthritis can cause pain and reduced mobility in dogs
   Hip dysplasia can result in lameness and difficulty in walking.

3. Heart disease: Obesity increases the risk of heart-related problems, including heart failure and high blood pressure
   Heart failure can severely limit a dog’s ability to engage in physical activity
   High blood pressure can lead to organ damage and other complications.
4. Respiratory issues: Overweight dogs may experience difficulty breathing, especially during exercise or in hot weather
   Respiratory problems can significantly impact a dog’s quality of life and limit their physical abilities.

The Role of Nutrition

Proper nutrition plays a vital role in preventing and managing obesity in dogs. Here are some key aspects to consider:

1. Balanced diet: Feeding dogs a balanced diet that includes the right proportions of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals is essential.
   Consultation with a veterinarian can help determine the appropriate diet for a dog’s breed, age, and activity level.

3. Portion control: Overfeeding is a common contributor to obesity in dogs. Measuring food portions and following feeding guidelines is crucial.
   Avoid giving excessive treats or table scraps as they can quickly add up in calories.
4. Quality ingredients: Opt for high-quality dog food that contains wholesome ingredients and avoids fillers or artificial additives.
   Look for reputable brands that prioritize the nutritional needs of dogs.

The Importance of Exercise

Regular exercise is instrumental in maintaining a healthy weight and preventing obesity in dogs. Consider the following:

1. Physical activity: Engaging dogs in daily exercise routines helps burn calories, build muscle mass, and improve overall fitness.
   Activities like walking, running, or playing fetch are excellent ways to keep dogs active.

2. Mental stimulation: Exercise not only benefits a dog’s physical health but also provides mental stimulation, reducing the risk of behavioural issues.
   Interactive toys or puzzle games can help keep dogs mentally engaged.

3. Consistency: Establishing a consistent exercise routine is crucial for long-term weight management.
   Aim for at least 30 minutes to an hour of exercise each day, depending on the dog’s size and breed.

Obesity in dogs is a serious concern that can lead to various health problems and decreased quality of life. By focusing on proper nutrition, portion control, and regular exercise, pet owners can help prevent and manage obesity in their beloved companions. Remember, a healthy dog is a happy dog, so let’s prioritize their well-being and provide them with the care they deserve.

Separation anxiety is a common issue that many dogs face when their owners leave them alone. It can be a distressing experience for both the dog and the owner. However, with the right approach and a little bit of patience, you can help your furry friend overcome this anxiety and lead a happier, more balanced life. In this article, we will provide you with some valuable tips to assist your dog in coping with separation anxiety.

Create a Calm Environment

• Provide a safe and comfortable space for your dog to relax in while you’re away
• Use soothing music or white noise to create a peaceful atmosphere
• Ensure that your dog has access to water and toys to keep them entertained.

Gradually Increase Alone Time

• Start by leaving your dog alone for short periods and gradually increase the duration
• Use positive reinforcement techniques such as treats or praise when your dog remains calm during these periods
• This will help your dog build confidence and learn that being alone is not a cause for concern.

Establish a Consistent Routine

• Dogs thrive on routine, so establish a daily schedule that includes regular feeding, exercise, and alone time
• Stick to this routine as closely as possible, as it will provide your dog with a sense of stability and predictability.

Incorporate Mental Stimulation

• Engage your dog’s mind with puzzle toys or treat-dispensing toys that can keep them occupied while you’re away
• Consider enrolling your dog in training classes or engaging in interactive play sessions to stimulate their mental and physical well-being.

Seek Professional Help if Needed

• If your dog’s separation anxiety persists despite your efforts, it may be beneficial to consult with a professional dog trainer or behaviourist
• They can provide you with personalized guidance and create a customized plan to address your dog’s specific needs.

By implementing these tips, you can help your dog overcome separation anxiety and promote their overall wellness. Remember, patience and consistency are key in helping your furry friend adjust to being alone. With time and effort, your dog will learn to feel more relaxed and comfortable when you’re not around. Stay positive, and your dog will thank you for your love and support.